http://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/18/health/poor-rich-happiness-study/index.html
More money can mean Scrooge-like pride, study says
By Susan Scutti, CNN
Updated 1400 GMT (2200 HKT) December 18, 2017
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
5. Finland -- Famous for its winter sports, Finland is also breathtakingly beautiful in summer, as seen here in Lakeland. The country retained its fifth place spot on this year's World Happiness Report list.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
4. Switzerland -- While Switzerland dropped from second to fourth place this year, the competition between the top four countries was very close.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
3. Iceland -- There is adventure to be had outside of the capital city of Reykjavik, whether it's trying to spot the Northern Lights or visit any of the smaller towns around this tiny country. No matter how cold one gets outside, most towns have a hot, steaming tub or pool from which soakers can watch the snow fall.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
2. Denmark -- This country of very happy people has won the title of world's happiest country three of the five times the report has been issued. These sailing boats at Nyhavn, a 17th Century waterfront canal and entertainment district in Copenhagen, are enough to make any visitor happy.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
1. Norway. This Scandinavian country filled with hikers, fjord-explorers and coffee drinkers vaulted from fourth place to first place to become the world's happiest country. The Lofoten Islands, shown here, are well known for their jagged mountains and red cabins.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
9. Sweden -- The World Happiness Report for 2017 ranked countries on seven main factors that support happiness: caring, freedom, generosity, good governance, honesty, health and income. Sweden came in ninth place, tying with another country on the list.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
9. Australia -- This island nation had to share ninth place with Sweden this year. Despite environmental threats to the survival of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia's World Heritage Site remains a significant draw for domestic and international tourists alike.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
8. New Zealand -- Despite its remote location, this island nation has become a popular destination. Sailing and water sports are popular with the locals, who retained their eighth place title for another year, and visitors.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
7. Canada -- While Canada dropped one spot to seventh place this year, it still has much to celebrate on its 150th year as a nation. And much credit goes to Prince Edward Island, where a small group of elected officials gathered in 1864 to discuss joining the region's independent provinces to create one nation.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
6. Netherlands -- The Dutch country famous for Van Gogh, tulips and canals -- marked by these illuminated bridges at Kaisersgracht and Leidsegracht in Amsterdam -- moved up one spot to sixth place.
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Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
5. Finland -- Famous for its winter sports, Finland is also breathtakingly beautiful in summer, as seen here in Lakeland. The country retained its fifth place spot on this year's World Happiness Report list.
Hide Caption
6 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
4. Switzerland -- While Switzerland dropped from second to fourth place this year, the competition between the top four countries was very close.
Hide Caption
7 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
3. Iceland -- There is adventure to be had outside of the capital city of Reykjavik, whether it's trying to spot the Northern Lights or visit any of the smaller towns around this tiny country. No matter how cold one gets outside, most towns have a hot, steaming tub or pool from which soakers can watch the snow fall.
Hide Caption
8 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
2. Denmark -- This country of very happy people has won the title of world's happiest country three of the five times the report has been issued. These sailing boats at Nyhavn, a 17th Century waterfront canal and entertainment district in Copenhagen, are enough to make any visitor happy.
Hide Caption
9 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
1. Norway. This Scandinavian country filled with hikers, fjord-explorers and coffee drinkers vaulted from fourth place to first place to become the world's happiest country. The Lofoten Islands, shown here, are well known for their jagged mountains and red cabins.
Hide Caption
10 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
9. Sweden -- The World Happiness Report for 2017 ranked countries on seven main factors that support happiness: caring, freedom, generosity, good governance, honesty, health and income. Sweden came in ninth place, tying with another country on the list.
Hide Caption
1 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
9. Australia -- This island nation had to share ninth place with Sweden this year. Despite environmental threats to the survival of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia's World Heritage Site remains a significant draw for domestic and international tourists alike.
Hide Caption
2 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
8. New Zealand -- Despite its remote location, this island nation has become a popular destination. Sailing and water sports are popular with the locals, who retained their eighth place title for another year, and visitors.
Hide Caption
3 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
7. Canada -- While Canada dropped one spot to seventh place this year, it still has much to celebrate on its 150th year as a nation. And much credit goes to Prince Edward Island, where a small group of elected officials gathered in 1864 to discuss joining the region's independent provinces to create one nation.
Hide Caption
4 of 10
Photos: Photos: The world's happiest countries
6. Netherlands -- The Dutch country famous for Van Gogh, tulips and canals -- marked by these illuminated bridges at Kaisersgracht and Leidsegracht in Amsterdam -- moved up one spot to sixth place.
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Story highlights
- A study measured amusement, awe, compassion, contentment, enthusiasm, love and pride
- As wealth increases, the experience of compassion, love and awe goes down
(CNN)Charles Dickens' classic "A Christmas Carol" paints a picture of stark contrasts. The impoverished Cratchit family share love and joy, while Ebenezer Scrooge is wealthy, cold and "solitary as an oyster."
Just in time for Christmas, new research shines a light on the resilience of those with less.
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People at the lower end of the income scale take more pleasure in their relationships and enjoy caring for and connecting with others, according to a study published Monday in the journal Emotion.
By contrast, the positive emotions experienced by people with higher incomes are mainly focused on themselves, the research suggests.
"People who are poorer are more reliant on others to get by," said Paul Piff, lead author of the study and an assistant professor of psychology and social behavior at the University of California, Irvine. "They really prioritize relationships because of their reduced resources, and so they are more likely to really focus on emotions that bind them to one another and find satisfaction and delight in relationships through compassion and love."
For the study, Piff and his co-author, Jake P. Moskowitz, a graduate student at UC Irvine, surveyed more than 1,500 Americans ranging from 24 to 93 years old.
The questions were designed to measure the magnitude of seven emotions experienced each day: amusement, awe, compassion, contentment, enthusiasm, love and pride. Previous researchsuggests these seven separate feelings are the underlying individual components of general positive emotion.
Participants rated their agreement with statements such as: "My life is full of wonder," "Nurturing others gives me a warm feeling inside," and "I get great pleasure from pursuing my goals."
As Piff explained, other studies tend to ask the very broad question, "How happy are you?"
For the new study, "We break happiness down into all of its emotional components: all the different kinds of positive emotions we want to experience on a daily basis," he said.
Next, Piff and Moskowitz created statistical models and then analyzed the relationship between income and each of the seven different emotions underpinning happiness.
"As income increases, as you rise in the rankings of household income, your tendencies -- or daily experiences -- of pride, amusement, contentment go up, and your experience of compassion and love and awe go down," Piff said. Enthusiasm was the one emotion unaffected by wealth, with both rich and poor experiencing the same level.
There are reasons for expecting wealth and income to shape certain emotions, noted Piff.
"Wealth makes you less reliant on other people," he said. "Because of that, you're more likely to kind of focus on emotions that make you feel independent and different from other people -- things that make you stand out.
"But of course these aren't absolute differences; it's not the case that wealthy people don't feel any compassion or any love," Piff said. "It's just that wealth sort of buffers you from experiencing as much of it as perhaps you should or as other people do."
David G. Blanchflower, a professor of economics at Dartmouth, said he was "unimpressed" with the study. Blanchflower, who did not participate in the research, questioned the focus of the study and said it was "unclear what it actually finds."
"There is a very large literature showing happiness and life satisfaction is related to income," he said. One example is this study that found higher income increases access to social support, self-esteem and opportunities and so enhances happiness.
However, Piff questions whether wealth is "unequivocally" linked to increased happiness.
The emotions that contribute most to a sense of well-being and actual health are the emotions that bind you to other people: compassion, love and gratitude, he said. These are the connective glue between people.
"It's our ability to be social that is so important to our well-being and our vitality as individuals and as a species," Piff said.
The holiday season gets "people to think about the larger communities that they're a part of and the important people in their lives," he noted. But sometimes we think, "If only we could have more money!" Then, we believe, we could get all the things we want and achieve all those things we think are meaningful or important, he explained.
"Even in the absence of wealth, you can still extract all kinds of meaning and all kinds of happiness and all kinds of joy by reminding yourself and surrounding yourself with all the people you love," Piff said.
"The ability to experience a kind of rich tapestry of these different positive emotions is vital to well-being."
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